Mafia As Government Essays - American Mafia, Mafia,

Mafia As Government History and Introduction The history of the Mafia began in the ninth century, when a secret society was formed to protect the people of Sicily. Sicily was occupied by Arab forces. A group of Sicilians fled into the countryside to escape, and later to fight, the encroaching forces. This group became the Mafia. The groups original intentions were to create a sense of loyalty and respect for tradition, culture and family. The Mafia protected its' members interests and promoted protected individuals and businesses in exchange for loyalty and monetary tribute. As time passed, and the Mafia expanded to the Americas, the Mafia became more criminal, engaging in provision of illegal services and collection of taxes in defiance of the legitimate government. It is the purpose of this work to argue that the Mafia, a criminal organization, meets the criteria to be considered a government. The terms Mafia or mob used in this work should be considered to be synonymous and to refer to the American Mafia. The Mafias structure is similar in nature to a feudal government system, with agents reporting to regional governors, who in turn report to the organizations leader. While the mob may or may not possess an overall head, individual regions of the mob may be thought of as a form of local government. The Mafia, as it is currently being discussed, exists within the confines of the United States, and thus may be in competition with, or at least overlapping the geographic areas of other government systems. Definitions of Government Ayn Rand has much to say on the proper function of government, but it is unclear as to what she considers a formal definitionon of what exactly categorizes an organization as a government. Her most specific response to the question appears in the opening sentence of The Nature of Government. The opinion is that the use of force and the enforcement of rules should be limited to government. (Rand) Randall Holcombe references Robert Dahl and Max Weber, summarizing their points of view that a monopoly on the use of force in a given area is the defining characteristic of government, thus adding a spatial characteristic to the definition. Holcombe further points out that obviously a monopoly on the use of coercive force is not required as can be seen from examples of overlapping area and jurisdictional authority within the federal, state, and local governments in the United States. Finally Holcombe puts forth the idea that, for a positive economic view, the hallmark of government is the ability to tax all parties within a given geographical region, for the purpose of financing its operations. (Holcombe) Mafia as Government Would the Mafia meet the criteria of Rand, Dahl, or Weber? Except in certain isolated instances, probably not. The United States federal government exerts coercive influence over practically all individuals or firms living or operating within its boundaries, not to mention state and local agencies. Of course, by any definition requiring a monopoly of use of force, whether spatially limited or not, the real governments dont qualify as governments either. Following Holcombes definition, which does define the aforementioned federal, state, and local agencies as governments, where does the Mafia fall in respect to being considered as a government? In other words, can it be argued that the Mafia has the power to tax all businesses or individuals within a geographic area? Armed with only information from hearsay and popular culture, the answer would have to be yes. Systemized extortion or protection fees could very well be collected for all within a given area. It may be that the popular image is inaccurate, which may affect the classification, but for the sake of argument it is considered an accurate assessment here. The issue may be raised as to the legality of the mob. It may be argued that they cannot be considered a government as they are criminal. What is it that distinguishes the mob as criminal? Is it the services provided by the mob, which the real government has deemed illegal? Obviously the argument over legalization of certain enterprises is too great to be discussed fully here, but consider that underprovision of a good by traditional, and of course legal, markets is often one of the

Nashville and its Origins essays

Nashville and its Origins essays Initially the land that occupied Nashville, Tennessee, was nothing other than an outpost for French fur traders around 1717. Just over sixty years later, on Christmas day 1779, the first permanent settlement of non-natives arrived under the leadership of an Englishman named James Robertson, to a place called French Lick, as he had been granted authority to expand North Carolina westward. It grew when more settlers arrived in April, and on April 24, 1784, the settlement, which at the time was a part of North Carolina, was named Fort Nashborough, in honor of the Revolutionary War general Francis Nash. Three years later, North Carolina named Davidson County for William Lee Davidson, another hero of the Revolution. The next year, in 1784, Fort Nashborough was renamed to Nashville in a legislative vote. The early settlers were harassed by Indian raids, until Robertson brokered a peace agreement in November 1794. In 1796, Tennessee earned the right to call itself a state, and sixteen years later, in 1812, Nashville enjoyed its first tenure as state capital. The capital then moved to Knoxville in 1815 and Murfreesboro in 1817. Finally, in 1826, Nashville regained its status as capital. The city was growing slowly, and in 1833 had 6,000 inhabitants. Ten years later, in 1843, the state legislature voted to make Nashville the permanent state capital of Tennessee. Due in large part to its designation as state capital, Nashvilles population grew more quickly over the next seventeen years, and by the dawn of the Civil War, Nashvilles inhabitants numbered seventeen thousand. The remainder of the century was a time of growth for Nashvilles economy, one of the major reasons for which was the railroad industry. The middle of the nineteenth century was a time of vast improvements in transportation, leading to economic growth throughout the country. Nashville was no exception. On December 4, 1951, the Tennessee Leg...