Cincinnati Subs Essay

Cincinnati Super Subs employee makeup is mostly young students in college and in high school; management has indicated that the chain has experienced â€Å"below average profitability over the past 18 months† (McShane & Von Glinow, 2013, p. 156). The below average profitability is linked to the increase of food wastage, management has taken steps to address the issue from reduction and elimination of food allowance accounts to the increased visual scrutiny given workers. The changes made by management were only successful for a few months, after the managers reduced their time in daily operations the amount of food wastage began to increase. To reduce food wastage management must have a presence in daily operations at the sub chain, create and enforce punishments for violations, set goals and create rewards for the reduction in food wastage. Indications of Problems at Cincinnati Super Subs ​Food wastage at Cincinnati Super Subs is a huge problem that has resulted in the reduction of monthly bonuses given to management. The staff at the chain complains about the amount or lack of food allowances given, this would prompt employees to â€Å"help themselves to food and drinks when the managers aren’t around† (McShane & Von Glinow, 2013, p. 156). The reduction in profitability over the past 18 months at stores has indicated the levels of food wastage have significantly impacted management employee relations and overall costs at the chain. The importance of reducing food wastage is not realized by non-management staff, they feel that the amount of food/drinks given away or eaten isn’t a significant amount of profits. Corrective actions taken against employees have reduced staff levels as some employees have quit and warned others about seeking employment at Cincinnati Super Subs. Management failed to accurately identify and corrects the causes of food wastage, and in the process caused employee dissatisfaction.

Punjabi Woman: a Momentum Journey from Dark to Dawn Essay

Punjab is the home of Mata Kaushalia and Mata Sita, the self effacing wives and mothers who would not thwart a commitment made by their husbands to a rival, even when that would make their own life an unmitigated agony. The role of Punjabi women as commandos in the battle-fields is no less glorious. Sada Kaur and Rani Sahib Kaur is remembered as one of the greatest generals of her time even in the Afghan records those have successfully defended their kingdom against the attacks of the Marathas, Afghans and European adventurers and chased them away from the battlefield. This shows the women of Punjab had an equal share in the re-building of India. Through Kuka, Nirankari, Arya Samaj, Dev Samaj, Congress and Akali movements, the women of Punjab has played an equally commendable role in the freedom struggle against the Britishers. This article is an effort to put a light on the hardships of the Punjabi women that how they have stood shoulder to shoulder with their men in war and in peace and how they have crossed their journey from dark to dawn. They gave up the pleasures of a princely home to fight for the independence of India., acquired the prominent places in the Indian administration, some became the first Health Minister of India and some of them became commanders of the Rani Jhansi Regiment of the Indian National Army, and gave her life while fighting for India’s independence in Assam. Now they have grown from their hard times and today the enlighten women paved the way for them to adopt new professions especially in the field of law, medicine and teaching and existed as a New Woman with New Spirit __________ â€Å"Punjabi Woman: A Momentum Journey from Dark to Dawn† Miss. Ritu Assistant professor in Laws , KCL Institutes of Laws, Jalandhar. â€Å"Women have great talent, but no genius for they always remain subjective,† said Schopenhauer in â€Å"World as Will and Idea†. Greek philosophers thought a â€Å"woman is an unfinished man left standing at a lower step in the scale of development. The male is by nature superior and female inferior. The one is the ruler and the other ruled. Woman is weak of will and, therefore incapable of independence of character and position.† Such prejudices prevail even today. On the threshold of a new millennium the status of woman is still to be elevated to that of man. The position and status of women varied from time to time in the different societies. The early Vedic times of the ancient period were free from many of the social evils that harmed the Indian society in the later eras. At that time women were assigned high status in the society. But during the post-vedic period, women lost that status which she once enjoyed in society. She became a subject of protection and treated as a second class citizen. In the great Indian mythology of Mahabharat the heroes of the legend, the Pandavas, lost their wife Draupadi in a card game! She was offered after their other valuables, like gold and land, had been lost in the gambling game. Against this backdrop it is significant that Sikhism, one of the world’s youngest religions, accorded women complete equality with men in all spheres of life. Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539), founder of the Sikh religion made Sikhism conform to enlightened, simple, practical, progressive and humane ideals right from its inception. Guru Nanak Dev Ji understood and appreciated the unifying role of women in society and worked for their emancipation. Sikh scriptures categorically state that man and woman together make society a composite and well balanced whole and should not be viewed as a threat to one another. Women as multifaceted personalities had a significant role to play in society. â€Å"Then why call her evil from whom are great men born, And without woman none could exist The eternal Lord is the only one, O Nanak Who depends not on woman?† (Guru Granth Sahib, P. 473) Such thinking was revolutionary and far ahead of the times. Bibi Nanaki, the elder sister of Guru Nanak, was a perfect example. The Guru was especially close to her and regarded her as his inspiration and mentor. Nanaki had implicit faith in her brother’s ideology and encouraged him in his life’s mission and became the first person to be initiated into Sikhism by Guru Nanak. Guru Nanak’s ideals were given a practical shape and consolidated by Guru Amar Das (1479 – 1574), the third Sikh Guru. He was a great champion of women’s rights who based his concepts on complete gender equality and specified norms for ameliorating the status of women in medieval India. Guru Amar Das stopped contemptuous references to women as mere child-bearing machines. â€Å"Blessed is the woman who creates life†, he wrote in the Granth Sahib. During his pontifications, he made sure women were provided opportunities to lead more meaningful lives which enabled them to actively participate in social and religious affairs. For the propagation of the faith’s ideology, he created twenty two administrative units called manjis or parishes. Of these four were headed by women – which were unheard of in those times. In status these four women were equal to modern Bishops because each enjoyed full economic and decision-making powers within her parish or manji. During the medieval age, condition of women was again degrading. Muslim attacks made people to protect their ladies and compelled them to shut the weaker sex behind the four walls of the houses. Purdah system, polygamy, child marriage and other evils started creeping into the society which affected the condition of women. But still during that time many socio-religious movements like Sufism and Bhakti movement tried to emancipate women. The Sikh Gurus and their great ladies became social reformers, acknowledged the importance of woman and voiced their opinion against the prejudices of society like child marriage, sati system, purdah, enforced widowhood and others. With the creation of Khalsa on the Baisakhi day of 1699 by Guru Gobind Singh ji, Sikhism underwent a major transformation. The Khalsa was created to instill a fresh spirit of courage and confidence among the Guru’s followers. Here again women were an integral part of the celebrations. At the time of taking Amrit a man was given the name â€Å"Singh† (lion) and women added â€Å"Kaur† (princess) to their names. The suffix â€Å"Kaur† is of immense significance as a woman was recognised as an individual who need not take her husband’s name after marriage. She could use the word â€Å"Kaur† after her name from birth to death. The word ‘Kaur† is derived from the word â€Å"kanwar† – the son of a king. This empowers Sikh women, Apart from equality in socio-religious affairs, could participate in political matters as well, including leading an army into battle. This gave women in Sikhism a sense of enormous self-confidence. Guru Gobind Singh’s widow Mata Sundari played a key role in Sikh history for forty momentous years. She issued Hukamnamas (decrees) to the Khalsa giving directions at a critical juncture and successfully guided the destiny of the Sikh against both the Afghan invaders and various claimants to the â€Å"Guruship†. Rani Sada Kaur, the brave mother-in-law of Maharaja Ranjit Singh is aptly described as a first woman commander-in-chief. She became a young widow when her husband was killed in battle. She used this crisis to transform herself into a woman-warrior, donning a high turban and battlefield garb with full weaponry. She commanded numerous battles and eventually laid the foundation for the Sikh empire. Rani Jinda, married to Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the mother of Dalip Singh, the ruler of Lahore kingdom, was the brain behind the rising of 1848-49 against the British authorities. She was known for her intelligence and intrepid spirit, Jindan was one of the few persons who was intensely disliked and also feared by the British. She was the first female freedom fighter in the struggle to oust the British from India. After the annexation of Punjab by the Britishers in 1849, various changes occurred in the modern era of the Punjab. It was the period where on the one hand a tuff struggle for freedom was on the peak and on the other a concerted effort was also made to form a new woman. The Board of Administration was formed by the Britishers and they started working for their vested interests which in return had some positive impact on the society of Punjab. Some socio-religious reform movements like Singh Sabha, Namdhari, Arya Samaj, Kukas and others began to develop in Punjab during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and played a significant role in the history of Punjab. They raised voice for women emancipation. They all fought against social evils like sati system, female infanticide, child marriage, purdah system, widowhood, polygamy, prejudices against female education and many more. These social reformers opened various schools, colleges, gurukuls for girls in the different parts of Punjab. Most of the writings of the missionaries, colonial administrators or social reformers were the narrative of women’s slow but progressive march towards modernity following a period of stagnation. These accounts gave importance to women’s biological differences; specification of their nature, the role played by them and categorized them into single strata irrespective of their class, caste and hierarchies of their age. A concerted effort was made by the vernacular press especially magazines, journals and newspapers through their editorials, articles, essays and others to motivate and encourage women who were having a segregated existence in the society. Female education was given importance and stress was laid on the domestic household work for girls in the early decades of 1900s. A new woman-educated, free from the shackle of purdah, accomplished in domestic skills, devoted to the husband and family, an intelligent companion, an ideal mother, producer and nurturer of a strong masculine race and custodian of tradition, was portrayed. Rich and higher classes wanted to educate their girls as the education became eligibility for their marriages, on the other hand, the poor and middle class people needed bread winners for their family. The journey from education to occupation by the girls in Punjab was crossed. The educational experiments of the government and reformers produced a â€Å"new woman† with interests that were beyond the household. The main objectives of their associations was to make society evil free and gave special attention to the female upliftment. The Chief Khalsa Diwan of Amritsar was established in 1902 to promote the spiritual, intellectual, moral, social, educational and economic welfare of the people and the girls of orphanage were sent to different schools in Punjab for getting education. The Central Vidwa Ashram for the welfare of widows was also established where they were imparted technical and vocational education. The Sikh Educational Conferences were also conducted annually by the Diwan from 1908. From 1908 to 1947, thirty three sessions of the conference were held and all the issues dealing with female education were regularly discussed. The royal women of the different princely states like Nabha, Patiala, Jind and others were the patrons of the conference. These conferences made women of Punjab to come forward and they began to communicate with their counterparts outside their families and local communities. These later became a platform for the women to participate in public life and the freedom struggle for India. The entry of Mahatma Gandhi and the Jallianawala Bagh tragedy of 1919 made women of Punjab to directly participate in the non-cooperation Movement of 1920-22. They held the meetings, led the processions, boycotted foreign goods, adopted the slogan of swadeshi and indulged in the picketing of foreign cloth shops and liquor shops. Sarla Devi Chaudhrani, Parvati Devi of Kamalia, Puran Devi, Gauran Devi, Mrs. Duni Chand, Kumari Lajjavati, Lado RaniZutzhi were the few names who participated in the movement of 1920-22. The participation of 1920-22 was a sort of training programme for the future Satyagraha programmes of 1930-34 and 1940-42.Women’s participation in Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930-32 differed quantitatively and qualitatively from their involvement in the early 1920s and won them a place in history. As the Dandi March was initiated by Gandhi in 1930, women of Punjab inaugurated the movement by taking out processions, prabhat pheris and holding meetings. Regular processions were led by women like in Lahore the life and soul of the movement was Lado Rani Zutshi, Parvati Devi,Kartar Kaur, Atma Devi and many others. As the women were participating in all these activities of the campaign, the government also started arresting these women participants. In the year 1932,that is, in the mid of the movement, the number of women convictions in Punjab was gradually increasing and on average ten women were convicted every month. Thus, it was the women’s organizations and networks , developed between 1925 and 1930, that laid the ground work for their positive reaction to Gandhi’s call. The public participation of the women gained momentum. The All India Women’s Conference which was first organized in 1927 at Poona. The women of Punjab also participated in the twenty sessions of the conference from 1927-47. The participation was so important that one of the sessions of the conference was held at Lahore in 1931and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur belonging to the royal family of Kapurthala was a very active participant from Punjab in the conference. She was one of Gandhi’s closest lieutenants and took a leading part in protest marches which were subjected to ruthless lathi charges in Quit India Movement of 1942. The conference was also presided once by a Muslim lady of Punjab – Lady Abdul Qadir of Lahore in 1933. Sarla Devi Chaudharani also represented Punjab and initiated various resolutions during the period of freedom movement in India. The women from Punjab also participated in some of the sessions of Indian National Congress and went to the different ve nues of the sessions. Women of other provinces also came to Punjab to enlighten their fellow sisters like Sarojini Naidu, Kasturba Gandhi, Muthu lakshmi Reddi and others. The active women were even appointed as parliamentary secretaries and were elected to the Punjab Legislative Council. Shrimati Lekhawati Jain (the first elected lady member of the Punjab Legislative Council), Mrs. Jahahara Shah Nawaz, Mrs. Duni Chand,Shrimati Raghbir Kaur were the few other elected members. The most important consequence of this public participation was that it cleared the way for the women of Punjab to show presence in the nationalist movement of India. Before the last phase of the struggle 1940-47, many of the women in Punjab were members and some were even leaders of the student associations (Lado Rani Zutshi in Lahore), and other political movements. Today, the 21st century continued to witness Punjabi women in the forefront in different spheres, especially in India’s independence movement. Some other outstanding women freedom fighters of Punjab were Gulab Kaur, Kishan Kaur, Amar Kaur, Harnam Kaur, Dilip Kaur and Kartar Kaur. Contemporary Punjabi women are making a mark all over the world as academicians, administrators, entrepreneurs, politicians, doctors, poets and painters. An important aspect of the rights conferred on women in the Sikh faith was that they did not have to fight for their rightful place in Sikh society: they were given their due voluntarily because of the enlightened ideals of the Gurus. In this way, the Punjabi women have proved that they are made of sterner stuff. They toiled, they fought, and they sacrificed. They believed in what they did. Indian history has recorded the astonishing vitality and matchless deeds of the daring daughters of India especially the Punjab, who continue to serve the country in fields almost unknown in the past. REFERENCES: * Geraldine Forbes, Women in Colonial India: Essays on Politics, Medicine and Historiography, New Delhi, Chronicle Books, 2005, * Aparna Basu, â€Å"The Role of Women in the Indian Struggle for Freedom in B.R. Nanda (ed), Indian Women : From Purdah to Modernity * Manju Verma, The Role of Women in the Freedom Movement in Punjab. * The Working Women and Popular Movements in Bengal, Calcutta, K.P. Bagehi and Co.: P.Custers, 1987. * â€Å"Traditional Symbols and New Roles, The Women’s Movement in India†, in M.S.A. Rao (ed.), SocialMovements in India, Vol.II, Delhi, Manohar, and 1982, â€Å"From Purdah to Politics; the Social Feminism of the All India Women’s Organizations†, in Hanna Papanek and Gail Minault, 1982, Separate Worlds, Delhi, Chanakya Publications. * Chanana, K., â€Å"Social Change or Social Reform: The Education of Women in Pre-Independence India†, in Chanana (ed.). * Jaspreet Singh, â€Å"Style of the Lion: The Sikhs† and â€Å"A Glimpse of the Sikh†.

Guanaco Facts (Lama guanicoe)

The gaunaco (Lama guanicoe) is a South American camelid and the wild ancestor of the llama. The animal gets its name from the Quechua word huanaco. Fast Facts: Guanaco Scientific Name: Lama guanicoeCommon Name: GuanacoBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 3 feet 3 inches - 3 feet 11 inches at the shoulderWeight: 200-310 poundsLifespan: 15-20 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: South AmericaPopulation: Over 1 millionConservation Status: Least Concern Description Guanacos are smaller than llamas but larger than alpacas and their wild counterparts—vicuà ±as. Male guanacos are larger than females. The average adult stands 3 feet 3 inches to 3 feet 11 inches tall at the shoulder, and weighs between 200 and 310 pounds. While llamas and alpacas come in many colors and coat patterns, guanacos range from light to dark brown, with gray faces and white bellies. The coat is double-layered and thickened around the neck to protect against predator bites. Guanacos have split upper lips, two padded toes on each foot, and small, straight ears. Guanacos are adapted to live at high elevations. They have large hearts for their body size. Their blood contains about four times more hemoglobin per unit volume than a humans. Habitat and Distribution Guanacos are native to South America. They are found in Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. A small population lives in Paraguay and on the Falkland Islands. Guanacos can survive in extremely harsh environments. They inhabit mountains, steppes, scrublands, and deserts. Guanco range in South America. Udo Schrà ¶ter / Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike Diet Guanacos are herbivores that eat grasses, shrubs, lichens, succulents, cacti, and flowers. They have three-chambered stomachs that help them extract nutrients. Guanacos can live without water for extended periods. Some live in the Atacama Desert, where it might not rain for 50 years. The guanacos get water from their diet of cacti and lichens, which absorb water from fog. Pumas and foxes are the guanacos primary predators, aside from humans. Behavior Some populations are sedentary, while others are migratory. Guanacos form three types of social groups. There are family groups, consisting of a single dominant male, females, and their young. When males reach one year of age, they are expelled from the family group and are solitary. Solitary males eventually band together to form small groups. Guanacos communicate using a variety of sounds. They basically laugh in the face of danger, emitting a short laugh-like bleat to alert the herd. They can spit a distance up to six feet when threatened. Because they live in areas that offer little cover from danger, guanacos have evolved to be excellent swimmers and runners. A guanaco can run up to 35 miles per hour. Reproduction and Offspring Mating occurs between November and February, which is summer in South America. Males fight to establish dominance, frequently biting each others feet. Gestation lasts eleven and a half months, resulting in the birth of a single young, which is called a chulengo. Chulengos can walk within five minutes of birth. Females remain with their group, while males are expelled before the next breeding season. Only around 30% of chulengos reach maturity. The average lifespan of a guanaco is 15 to 20 years, but they may live up to 25 years. Guanaco and chulengo. Mint Images/ Art Wolfe / Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the guanaco conservation status as least concern. The population is estimated to range between 1.5 to 2.2 million animals and is increasing. However, this is still only 3-7% of the guanaco population before Europeans arrived in South America. The population is severely fragmented. Guanacos are threatened by habitat fragmentation, competition from ranching, habitat destruction, human development, invasive species, diseases, climate change, and natural disasters, such as volcanoes and droughts. Guanacos and Humans While protected, guanacos are hunted for meat and fur. Some are killed by sheep herders, either because they are seen as competition or for fear of transmissible diseases. The fur is sometimes sold as a substitute for red fox fur. A few hundred guanacos are kept in zoos and private herds. Sources Baldi, R.B., Acebes, P., Cuà ©llar, E., Funes, M., Hoces, D., Puig, S. Franklin, W.L. Lama guanicoe. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T11186A18540211. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T11186A18540211.enFranklin, William L. and Melissa M. Grigione. The enigma of guanacos in the Falkland Islands: the legacy of John Hamilton. Journal of Biogeography. 32 (4): 661–675. March 10, 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01220.xStahl, Peter W. Animal Domestication in South America. In Silverman, Helaine; Isbell, William (eds.). Handbook of South American Archaeology. Springer. pp. 121–130. April 4, 2008. ISBN 9780387752280.Wheeler, Dr Jane; Kadwell, Miranda; Fernandez, Matilde; Stanley, Helen F.; Baldi, Ricardo; Rosadio, Raul; Bruford, Michael W. Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 268 (1485): 2575–2584. December 2001. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1774

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It is possible to notice differences in the climate...

It is possible to notice differences in the climate behavior around the word. The elderly people from my hometown claim that today the sun burns more than in the time of their youth; in fact, scientists proove that the average of the patterns of precipitation, temperature, seassons, humudity, and wind of a region over a long period of time, have been abruptly changing through the years and causing several impacts in the earth. The prevision is that it will keep changing. The climate changing is one of the major negative effects of the Global Warming, which is the result of the excess of Greenhouse gases, that happens when the orange light released by the sunrays get in to the atmosphere and hits the ground (surface), reflecting Infrared†¦show more content†¦It also can harm the animal and vegetal spicies, extinguishing them in a worst scenario. Socially, as consequence of the loss of land it would result in crowded population and health implications: air polluiton, pests and diseases, and tremendous ease of propagation, as same as decrease the production of edible resources, less job oportunities for the population; therefore, adversely affect the global economy. There is no proof of how much countries need to reduce the production of Greenhouse gases, but since years ago that scientists have been studying attempts to solve te Global Warming and avoid or stop the climate changing. With the development of the technology, many countries start slowly replacing the old fashioned cars for electric cars to reduce the pollution, which is an example of use of alternative sources of energy. Use renewable energy such as wind, sun, hydro and geothermal energy, and reduce the coal burning from the industries, are plausible solutions too. In the year of 1997, in Kyoto, Japan, it was signed an agreement from over 191 countries with the exception of Andorra, Canada, United States, and Sudan, to legally stop the emissions of Greenhouse gases in two commietment period from 2008 to 2020. Although all those efforts, the soluction begins with ourselves in small actions in our daily routine, since rationalize theShow MoreRelatedIb Math Studies Ia1217 Words   |  5 Pagescom/nba/team/roster/_/name/bkn/brooklyn-netsgt;. * Toronto Raptors Roster 2012  Players in the NBA. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://espn.go.com/nba/team/roster/_/name/bkn/tornto-raptorsgt;. * New York Knicks Roster 2012  Players in the NBA. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://espn.go.com/nba/team/roster/_/name/bkn/new-york-knicksgt;. * Philadelphia 76’ers Roster 2012  Players in the NBA. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://espn.go.com/nba/team/roster/_/name/bkn/philly-76ersgt;Read MoreFlood Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesthe short message system (SMS) is also provided to warn employees of related government agencies such as the Police, the Army, the Malaysian Meteorological Department (JMM), Civil Defense Department, the Department, and National Security Division (BKN) in the Prime Minister and other agencies involved (Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, 2013). The Meteorological Department has also provided a weather forecast web site to facilitate public access to current weather conditions. In 2001, Malaysia has introducedRead MoreFundamental Liberties in Federal Constitution2333 Words   |  10 PagesRujuk balik artikel nie. Isu yg pnting dlm artikel nie is artikel 11)4. Dua term yg perlu diambil perhatian is profess n propagate. Profess mksudnye menganut. Semua org berhak profess agama apa pun yg dia nak. Tp,tak boleh propagate agama n iktikad yg bkn islam kpd org islam. Mksudnye tak boleh ada gerakan yg mengajak org islam untuk keluar n memahami fahaman selain drpd islam. Contohnye mcm kes jamaluddin othman. Dia ni org islam yg murtad n jadik paderi. Kesengalan dia nie adlh,dia na murtad,murtad

Appearance of Pre-Hispanic Filipinos free essay sample

The natives of the Philippine islands already wore different types of clothing and ornaments before the arrival of Spanish colonizers. The men usually wore short-sleeved, collarless jackets that reached just below the waste. The jackets were also symbols of their status in the community. The chief usually wore red, for example. The bahag was worn for the lower part. It is a strip of cloth wrapped around the waist which passes between the things, leaving the thighs and legs exposed. A head gear or a putong is a piece of cloth wrapped around the head. This is also important like the color of the jacket. A red putong meant that the wearer has already gone to war and killed an enemy. An embroidered putong meant that the wearer has killed at least seven enemies. Adornments such as necklaces, armlets or kalombiga, anklets, earrings and rings were also worn. These were usually made of gold and other precious stones. We will write a custom essay sample on Appearance of Pre-Hispanic Filipinos or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women also wore sleeved jackets called baro and skirts called saya or patadyong. Women fancied wearing ornaments as well such as gem-studded bracelets, necklaces, earrings, and rings. Tattoos Tattoos played an important part in the appearance of pre-Hispanic Filipinos both for the men and women. Tattoos were considered to be the equivalent of medals, one had to work for and earn it. The more tattoos a person had, the more impressive was his or her war record. The Visayas was known to be the Islas del Pintados or Islands of the Painted People because it was the there that the early Spanish colonizers observed very tattooed people and Spanish writers referred to them as the pintados, meaning â€Å"painted†.

Lucretiuss View about the Roman Agriculture

Lucretius believed that the universe constituted of particles which arrangement had occurred by chance. In addition, he held the conviction that change and decay were inevitable.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lucretius’s View about the Roman Agriculture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These assertions formed a doctrine that was similar to the modern concept of entropy. Lucretius described the way human activities in the Roman agriculture interacted with the environment and resulted in severe land degradation. Lucretius argued that art and science, which arose through trial and error, were subject to similar deterioration as the materials available to the two disciplines (Krech et al. 768). It means that just as the way scientific principles resulted from trial and error, agriculture could not facilitate the expansion of the Roman economy and preserve the environment at the same time. Lucretius argued th at it was difficult to undertake agriculture in Rome because land infertility was increasing. Some farmers confessed to Lucretius that the last harvests were incomparable to those of the previous seasons. This was not a mere rhetoric considering that writers on the Roman agriculture also highlighted the decline in land productivity either due to the land being old or because of humans’ failure to preserve the available land. This implied that Lucretius’s sentiments about the Roman agriculture were justifiable since even the farmers themselves confirmed that land infertility was eminent.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the Roman agriculture, the pursuance of the unexploited land led farmers to cut down trees on the hillside and convert woodlands into agricultural fields and grazing grounds (Krech et al. 769). Lucretius stated that woodcutters confined the forest to the mountain, leaving the foothills for farming purposes. Thus, Lucretius focused on the deforestation of Italy during the Roman Empire period. He implied that as the Romans attempted to employ modern technology in farming, they were leaving most of the land barren and thus encouraged desertification. Lucretius argued that mining resulted from the Roman’s quest for expansion thus most of the agricultural land suffered degradation. This implied that as the Romans continued developing their economy, they affected nature negatively. Lucretius described the discovery of metals after humans set forests on fire and observed the metal-ore melting with molten metal seeping out of the earth’s cracks. People experimented with their new discovery and found out that they could make tools and weapons as well as ornaments. Furthermore, Lucretius described mines which contained dangerous pollutants that contaminated the air. However, mines did not only emit foul smell, but also af fected mineworkers and reduced their life expectancy. This implies that human interference with nature presents undesirable outcomes (Krech et al. 769).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lucretius’s View about the Roman Agriculture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lucretius believed that nature superseded the efforts adopted by humans. In his view, all human works would lie in ruins since no permanent improvement could emanate from people’s efforts because history is a process of decline. In addition, Lucretius supposed that either Gods or Aristotelian purpose had stopped guiding nature. He observed that early humans were healthier compared to those of his time even though the living conditions of previous generations were primitive. Lucretius argued that humanity became civilized not due to following some law of progress, but by responding to trials that nature made humans face. Conclusion Lucretius concluded that the most appropriate way to cope with natural disasters and better people’s life was to seek innate explanation for every phenomenon and remain contented with the current order of things. He observed that irrespective of the humans’ guest to gain control over various aspects of their lives, nature always thrived (Krech III et al. 768). Works Cited Krech III, Shepard, McNeill, John Robert and Carolyn Merchant. Encyclopedia of World  Environmental History: A – E. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print This essay on Lucretius’s View about the Roman Agriculture was written and submitted by user Diamond Bishop to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.